Maximum Sensitivity Based Robust Latency Compensator for Frequency Regulation in Microgrid with SMES

The communication latency in power systems hinders load frequency control efficacy by introducing phase lag and jeopardising closed-loop stability. When the governor system fails to regulate frequency variations owing to its delayed reaction, active power sources with rapid responsiveness, such as superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES), are very beneficial in improving system responsiveness. This study introduces a Smith predictor-based proportional integral derivative with filter (PIDF) controller architecture using the direct synthesis approach to boost robustness in the presence of significant communication delay. The only tuning parameter of the PIDF controller is intended to attain an acceptable balance between performance and robustness, taking into account maximum sensitivity considerations. Simulation studies confirm the superiority of the PIDF controller in case of multiple step load disturbance patterns, unequal perturbations, non-linearities (such as boiler dynamics and governor deadband), and SMES.