Metals free MWCNTs@TiO                         2                         @MMT heterojunction composite with MMT as a mediator for fast charges separation towards visible light driven photocatalytic hydrogen evolution

Muhammad Umer; Muhammad Tahir; Muhammad Usman Azam; Mohammad Musaab Jaffar

doi:10.1016/j.apsusc.2018.08.240

Metals free MWCNTs@TiO ₂ @MMT heterojunction composite with MMT as a mediator for fast charges separation towards visible light driven photocatalytic hydrogen evolution

Muhammad Umer, Muhammad Tahir, Muhammad Usman Azam, Mohammad Musaab Jaffar

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

78 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

Constructing heterojunctions with low-cost materials functional under solar energy is an important way for efficient hydrogen production for energy management applications. In this study, multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) modified TiO ₂ 1D/0D heterojunction dispersed in 2D montmorillonite (MMT) nanoclay was designed and fabricated using a facile sol-gel and wet impregnation approach. The samples were characterized by XRD, Raman, FESEM, HRTEM, FTIR, UV–vis and PL-spectroscopy techniques. Dispersing 1D/0D MWCNTs/TiO ₂ on the 2D MMT structure extends visible light absorption, shorten charges migration distance and provides abundant active sites. The performance of samples was investigated for dynamic photocatalytic H ₂ evolution with different sacrificial reagents under visible light irradiations. The MWCNTs/TiO ₂ /MMT heterojunction composite exhibits the highest H ₂ evolution rate of 1888 ppm h ⁻¹ , which is about 1.49, 3.07 and 7.12 folds higher than MWCNTs/TiO ₂ , MMT/TiO ₂ and pure TiO ₂ samples, respectively. Among the different sacrificial reagents, highest H ₂ production was obtained using glycerol-water mixture due to the presence of α-hydrogen atoms attached to carbon atoms. Next, the photocatalytic turn-over productivity (PTOP) was estimated which demonstrated the molecular H ₂ production rate with the photon-energy utilization. The maximum PTOP for H ₂ production was achieved over MWCNTs/TiO ₂ /MMT heterojunction composite, 5.94 times higher than using bare TiO ₂ NPs. The improved charges efficiency due to the synergistic effect between MWCNTs/TiO ₂ /MMT in 1D/OD/2D heterojunctions is critical for enhanced and dynamic H ₂ evolution. The ternary composite exhibited excellent and stable performance for H ₂ production. This study suggests that constructing heterojunction of low cost coupling materials with TiO ₂ can provide an efficient way for H ₂ production under solar energy.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	747-757
Number of pages	11
Journal	Applied Surface Science
Volume	463
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2018.08.240
Publication status	Published - Jan 1 2019
Externally published	Yes

Keywords

Heterojunction
Montmorillonite nanoclay
MWCNTs/TiO
Photocatalytic H evolution
Photocatalytic turnover productivity

ASJC Scopus subject areas

General Chemistry
Condensed Matter Physics
General Physics and Astronomy
Surfaces and Interfaces
Surfaces, Coatings and Films

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

Access to Document

10.1016/j.apsusc.2018.08.240

Cite this

Umer, M., Tahir, M., Azam, M. U., & Jaffar, M. M. (2019). Metals free MWCNTs@TiO ₂ @MMT heterojunction composite with MMT as a mediator for fast charges separation towards visible light driven photocatalytic hydrogen evolution Applied Surface Science, 463, 747-757. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2018.08.240

Metals free MWCNTs@TiO ₂ @MMT heterojunction composite with MMT as a mediator for fast charges separation towards visible light driven photocatalytic hydrogen evolution . / Umer, Muhammad; Tahir, Muhammad; Azam, Muhammad Usman et al.
In: Applied Surface Science, Vol. 463, 01.01.2019, p. 747-757.

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

Umer, M, Tahir, M, Azam, MU & Jaffar, MM 2019, ' Metals free MWCNTs@TiO ₂ @MMT heterojunction composite with MMT as a mediator for fast charges separation towards visible light driven photocatalytic hydrogen evolution ', Applied Surface Science, vol. 463, pp. 747-757. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2018.08.240

Umer M, Tahir M, Azam MU, Jaffar MM. Metals free MWCNTs@TiO ₂ @MMT heterojunction composite with MMT as a mediator for fast charges separation towards visible light driven photocatalytic hydrogen evolution Applied Surface Science. 2019 Jan 1;463:747-757. doi: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2018.08.240

Umer, Muhammad ; Tahir, Muhammad ; Azam, Muhammad Usman et al. / Metals free MWCNTs@TiO ₂ @MMT heterojunction composite with MMT as a mediator for fast charges separation towards visible light driven photocatalytic hydrogen evolution In: Applied Surface Science. 2019 ; Vol. 463. pp. 747-757.

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title = " Metals free MWCNTs@TiO 2 @MMT heterojunction composite with MMT as a mediator for fast charges separation towards visible light driven photocatalytic hydrogen evolution ",

abstract = " Constructing heterojunctions with low-cost materials functional under solar energy is an important way for efficient hydrogen production for energy management applications. In this study, multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) modified TiO 2 1D/0D heterojunction dispersed in 2D montmorillonite (MMT) nanoclay was designed and fabricated using a facile sol-gel and wet impregnation approach. The samples were characterized by XRD, Raman, FESEM, HRTEM, FTIR, UV–vis and PL-spectroscopy techniques. Dispersing 1D/0D MWCNTs/TiO 2 on the 2D MMT structure extends visible light absorption, shorten charges migration distance and provides abundant active sites. The performance of samples was investigated for dynamic photocatalytic H 2 evolution with different sacrificial reagents under visible light irradiations. The MWCNTs/TiO 2 /MMT heterojunction composite exhibits the highest H 2 evolution rate of 1888 ppm h −1 , which is about 1.49, 3.07 and 7.12 folds higher than MWCNTs/TiO 2 , MMT/TiO 2 and pure TiO 2 samples, respectively. Among the different sacrificial reagents, highest H 2 production was obtained using glycerol-water mixture due to the presence of α-hydrogen atoms attached to carbon atoms. Next, the photocatalytic turn-over productivity (PTOP) was estimated which demonstrated the molecular H 2 production rate with the photon-energy utilization. The maximum PTOP for H 2 production was achieved over MWCNTs/TiO 2 /MMT heterojunction composite, 5.94 times higher than using bare TiO 2 NPs. The improved charges efficiency due to the synergistic effect between MWCNTs/TiO 2 /MMT in 1D/OD/2D heterojunctions is critical for enhanced and dynamic H 2 evolution. The ternary composite exhibited excellent and stable performance for H 2 production. This study suggests that constructing heterojunction of low cost coupling materials with TiO 2 can provide an efficient way for H 2 production under solar energy.",

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AB - Constructing heterojunctions with low-cost materials functional under solar energy is an important way for efficient hydrogen production for energy management applications. In this study, multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) modified TiO 2 1D/0D heterojunction dispersed in 2D montmorillonite (MMT) nanoclay was designed and fabricated using a facile sol-gel and wet impregnation approach. The samples were characterized by XRD, Raman, FESEM, HRTEM, FTIR, UV–vis and PL-spectroscopy techniques. Dispersing 1D/0D MWCNTs/TiO 2 on the 2D MMT structure extends visible light absorption, shorten charges migration distance and provides abundant active sites. The performance of samples was investigated for dynamic photocatalytic H 2 evolution with different sacrificial reagents under visible light irradiations. The MWCNTs/TiO 2 /MMT heterojunction composite exhibits the highest H 2 evolution rate of 1888 ppm h −1 , which is about 1.49, 3.07 and 7.12 folds higher than MWCNTs/TiO 2 , MMT/TiO 2 and pure TiO 2 samples, respectively. Among the different sacrificial reagents, highest H 2 production was obtained using glycerol-water mixture due to the presence of α-hydrogen atoms attached to carbon atoms. Next, the photocatalytic turn-over productivity (PTOP) was estimated which demonstrated the molecular H 2 production rate with the photon-energy utilization. The maximum PTOP for H 2 production was achieved over MWCNTs/TiO 2 /MMT heterojunction composite, 5.94 times higher than using bare TiO 2 NPs. The improved charges efficiency due to the synergistic effect between MWCNTs/TiO 2 /MMT in 1D/OD/2D heterojunctions is critical for enhanced and dynamic H 2 evolution. The ternary composite exhibited excellent and stable performance for H 2 production. This study suggests that constructing heterojunction of low cost coupling materials with TiO 2 can provide an efficient way for H 2 production under solar energy.

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