Microstrip patch antenna directivity optimization via Taguchi method

Microstrip patch antennas have gained popularity due to their compact size, flat design, cost-efficiency, and ability to accommodate various design needs. Despite their advantages, optimizing directional properties for peak performance remains challenging. This study employs the Taguchi method, a statistical technique, to regulate the directivity of microstrip patch antennas. Thirteen input control factors are adjusted, including the patch dimensions, substrate, slot, feed line, array, and operating frequency. The Taguchi method efficiently assesses multiple experimental variables, minimizing the need for extensive experiments. The study identifies the frequency and the width of the extended feed line along the Y-axis as the most critical factors influencing directivity. The Taguchi analysis results are validated through the main effect screener analysis (MESA). As a case study, microstrip patch antennas with 30 dB directivity are designed using a tuning process of the control factors based on Taguchi results and COMSOL Multiphysics software. The simulated results at 40 GHz include a reflection coefficient of −0.098612 dB, lumped port impedance of 0.37939 + 29.012i Ω, and elevation (θ) and azimuth angles (φ) measuring 0.0 degrees. These findings indicate that the radiation pattern is being assessed in the broadside direction, directly perpendicular to the antenna, resulting in a directivity of 30 dB. This study offers a structured approach and methodology for both researchers and manufacturers to craft microstrip patch antennas tailored to precise applications, thereby minimizing the need for trial-and-error techniques. The outcomes contribute significantly to enhancing the efficacy of microstrip patch antennas across various domains such as communication, radar technology, and satellite communication.