TY - JOUR
T1 - Microwave-assisted extraction of bioactive components from date seeds using deep eutectic solvents
T2 - Bioactivity and antibiotic adjuvant potential against multidrug-resistant Salmonella Typhimurium DT104
AU - Khan, Hina
AU - Mudgil, Priti
AU - Phasaludeen, Bismi
AU - Srikumar, Shabarinath
AU - Maqsood, Sajid
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2025 The Authors
PY - 2025/12
Y1 - 2025/12
N2 - Adjuvants offer a promising strategy against antimicrobial resistance. Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) and their subsequent DES-based polyphenol-rich bioactive compounds (PBCs) were assessed for antimicrobial and adjuvant activity against multidrug-resistant Salmonella Typhimurium DT104. PBCs were extracted from date seeds using polyol-based DESs with microwave assistance. FTIR spectra of synthesized DESs confirmed new hydrogen bond formation. Phytocompound profiling revealed that 1,4-Butanediol (1,4-But)-extract showed the highest TPC (30.05 ± 1.33 mg GA g−1) and DPPH activity (35.02 ± 0.34 mmol TE g−1). UHPLC-PDA identified 4-hydroxybenzoic acid and rutin hydrate as the predominant phenolic compounds. Despite limited intrinsic antimicrobial activity, DES extracts and their corresponding DES-enhanced the antibiotic effectiveness. Checkerboard assay showed that the 1,4-But-DES extract exhibited significant synergy with ACSSuT antibiotics, reducing their MICs by 32- to >1024-fold, with FICI values ≤0.5. Time-kill assays confirmed enhanced bactericidal activity of chloramphenicol with both extracts at sub-inhibitory concentrations. Conclusively, 1,4-But-based extracts can enhance antibiotic efficacy against resistant foodborne pathogens.
AB - Adjuvants offer a promising strategy against antimicrobial resistance. Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) and their subsequent DES-based polyphenol-rich bioactive compounds (PBCs) were assessed for antimicrobial and adjuvant activity against multidrug-resistant Salmonella Typhimurium DT104. PBCs were extracted from date seeds using polyol-based DESs with microwave assistance. FTIR spectra of synthesized DESs confirmed new hydrogen bond formation. Phytocompound profiling revealed that 1,4-Butanediol (1,4-But)-extract showed the highest TPC (30.05 ± 1.33 mg GA g−1) and DPPH activity (35.02 ± 0.34 mmol TE g−1). UHPLC-PDA identified 4-hydroxybenzoic acid and rutin hydrate as the predominant phenolic compounds. Despite limited intrinsic antimicrobial activity, DES extracts and their corresponding DES-enhanced the antibiotic effectiveness. Checkerboard assay showed that the 1,4-But-DES extract exhibited significant synergy with ACSSuT antibiotics, reducing their MICs by 32- to >1024-fold, with FICI values ≤0.5. Time-kill assays confirmed enhanced bactericidal activity of chloramphenicol with both extracts at sub-inhibitory concentrations. Conclusively, 1,4-But-based extracts can enhance antibiotic efficacy against resistant foodborne pathogens.
KW - Antimicrobial resistance (AMR)
KW - Date seed extracts
KW - Deep eutectic solvents (DESs)
KW - Multidrug resistance (MDR)
KW - Salmonella Typhimurium DT104 (DT104)
UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/105022184682
UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/105022184682#tab=citedBy
U2 - 10.1016/j.fochx.2025.103243
DO - 10.1016/j.fochx.2025.103243
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:105022184682
SN - 2590-1575
VL - 32
JO - Food Chemistry: X
JF - Food Chemistry: X
M1 - 103243
ER -