TY - CHAP
T1 - Monkeypox
T2 - Past, Present, and Future
AU - Khan, Gulfaraz
AU - Perveen, Nighat
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2024.
PY - 2024
Y1 - 2024
N2 - MonkeypoxMonkeypox (Mpox) is a zoonotic disease caused by a virus (monkeypox virusMonkeypox virus-MPV) belonging to the Poxviridae family. In humans, the disease has an incubation period of 5–21 days and then progresses in two phases, the prodromal phase and the rash phase. The prodromal phase is characterized by non-specific symptoms such as fever, muscle pain, malaise, lymphadenopathy, headache, and chills. Skin lesions appear in the rash phase of the disease. These lesions progress through different stages (macules, papules, vesicles, and pustules). In May 2022, WHO reported an outbreak of human Mpox in several countries which were previously Mpox-free. As per the CDC report of March 01, 2023, a total of 86,231 confirmed cases of Mpox and 105 deaths have been reported from 110 countries and territories across the globe. Notably, more than 90% of these countries were reporting Mpox for the first time. The phylogenetic analysis revealed that this outbreak was associated with the virus from the West African clade. However, most of the cases in this outbreak had no evidence of travel histories to MPV-endemic countries in Central or West Africa. This outbreak was primarily driven by the transmissionTransmission of the virus via intimate contact in men who have sex with men (MSM). The changing epidemiologyEpidemiology of Mpox raised concerns about the increasing spread of the disease in non-endemic countries and the urgent need to control and prevent it. In this chapter, we present all the documented cases of Mpox from 1970 to 2023 and discuss the past, present, and future of MPV.
AB - MonkeypoxMonkeypox (Mpox) is a zoonotic disease caused by a virus (monkeypox virusMonkeypox virus-MPV) belonging to the Poxviridae family. In humans, the disease has an incubation period of 5–21 days and then progresses in two phases, the prodromal phase and the rash phase. The prodromal phase is characterized by non-specific symptoms such as fever, muscle pain, malaise, lymphadenopathy, headache, and chills. Skin lesions appear in the rash phase of the disease. These lesions progress through different stages (macules, papules, vesicles, and pustules). In May 2022, WHO reported an outbreak of human Mpox in several countries which were previously Mpox-free. As per the CDC report of March 01, 2023, a total of 86,231 confirmed cases of Mpox and 105 deaths have been reported from 110 countries and territories across the globe. Notably, more than 90% of these countries were reporting Mpox for the first time. The phylogenetic analysis revealed that this outbreak was associated with the virus from the West African clade. However, most of the cases in this outbreak had no evidence of travel histories to MPV-endemic countries in Central or West Africa. This outbreak was primarily driven by the transmissionTransmission of the virus via intimate contact in men who have sex with men (MSM). The changing epidemiologyEpidemiology of Mpox raised concerns about the increasing spread of the disease in non-endemic countries and the urgent need to control and prevent it. In this chapter, we present all the documented cases of Mpox from 1970 to 2023 and discuss the past, present, and future of MPV.
KW - Distribution
KW - Epidemiology
KW - Monkeypox
KW - Monkeypox virus
KW - MPV strains
KW - Prevalence
KW - Transmission
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U2 - 10.1007/978-3-031-57165-7_1
DO - 10.1007/978-3-031-57165-7_1
M3 - Chapter
C2 - 38801568
AN - SCOPUS:85194359754
T3 - Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology
SP - 1
EP - 20
BT - Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology
PB - Springer
ER -