TY - JOUR
T1 - Morphology characterization and chemical composition of United Arab Emirates date seeds and their potential for energy production
AU - Elnajjar, E.
AU - Al-Zuhair, S.
AU - Hasan, S.
AU - Almardeai, S.
AU - Al Omari, S. A.B.
AU - Hilal-Alnaqbi, A.
N1 - Funding Information:
The differences in the metal contents of the samples before and after oil extraction, determined using the XRF, are presented in Fig. 7. The analysis was conducted for six main metals found in the ICP, namely, P, S, K, Fe, Cu, and Zn. The results agree with those found by the OCP, in which most metals did not show significant changes after oil extraction, except for K, which further supports the previous conclusion that oils extracted from DSs are suitable feedstock for biodiesel.The authors would like to extend their sincerest appreciation to United Arab Emirates University and Zayed Center for Health Sciences for funding this research through Research Projects #ZCHS-31R072 and #31N200. In addition, the authors wish to thank the Dr. Liang Li, from the Core Technology Platform in New York University Abu Dhabi, for his help in performing the CHNS analysis.
Funding Information:
The authors would like to extend their sincerest appreciation to United Arab Emirates University and Zayed Center for Health Sciences for funding this research through Research Projects #ZCHS-31R072 and #31N200. In addition, the authors wish to thank the Dr. Liang Li, from the Core Technology Platform in New York University Abu Dhabi, for his help in performing the CHNS analysis.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2020 Elsevier Ltd
PY - 2020/12/15
Y1 - 2020/12/15
N2 - The seeds of a local date palm cultivar from the United Arab Emirates, Allig, were characterized in this study. Soxhlet, Folch, and CO2 supercritical extraction were employed to obtain oil from Allig date seed (DS) powder composed of 0.1–0.3 mm particles, yielding oil extraction yield percentages of 10.2%, 9.5%, and 9.8%, respectively. The main fatty acid in the extracted oil was saturated stearic acid, comprising 47.9% of the total fatty acid content. After oil extraction, the total metal content in the DSs dropped from 3.2% to 2.8%, suggesting that some metals were extracted with the oil. On the other hand, the average heating value of the DSs increased from 28.55 ± 1.84 to 29.63 ± 1.28 MJ/kg after oil extraction. The average percentages of dehydration moisture, devitalization protein and carbohydrates, devitalization lipids, and solid decomposition in the DSs before oil extraction were 1–2%, 50–55%, 10–15%, and 30–35%, respectively, whereas those for the DSs after oil extraction were 20–25%, 35–30%, 0%, and 35–40%, respectively. As expected, the lipid content dropped after oil extraction. The heat of combustion and extracted oil results indicate that palm DSs, with their relatively high energy densities, have potential as a source of energy, among other notable organic products.
AB - The seeds of a local date palm cultivar from the United Arab Emirates, Allig, were characterized in this study. Soxhlet, Folch, and CO2 supercritical extraction were employed to obtain oil from Allig date seed (DS) powder composed of 0.1–0.3 mm particles, yielding oil extraction yield percentages of 10.2%, 9.5%, and 9.8%, respectively. The main fatty acid in the extracted oil was saturated stearic acid, comprising 47.9% of the total fatty acid content. After oil extraction, the total metal content in the DSs dropped from 3.2% to 2.8%, suggesting that some metals were extracted with the oil. On the other hand, the average heating value of the DSs increased from 28.55 ± 1.84 to 29.63 ± 1.28 MJ/kg after oil extraction. The average percentages of dehydration moisture, devitalization protein and carbohydrates, devitalization lipids, and solid decomposition in the DSs before oil extraction were 1–2%, 50–55%, 10–15%, and 30–35%, respectively, whereas those for the DSs after oil extraction were 20–25%, 35–30%, 0%, and 35–40%, respectively. As expected, the lipid content dropped after oil extraction. The heat of combustion and extracted oil results indicate that palm DSs, with their relatively high energy densities, have potential as a source of energy, among other notable organic products.
KW - Date seeds
KW - EDS
KW - ICP-AES
KW - Oil extraction percentage yield
KW - SEM
KW - Soxhlet
KW - TGA
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U2 - 10.1016/j.energy.2020.118810
DO - 10.1016/j.energy.2020.118810
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85091940561
SN - 0360-5442
VL - 213
JO - Energy
JF - Energy
M1 - 118810
ER -