TY - JOUR
T1 - Mother-to-child transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1
T2 - Report from the nairobi study
AU - Datta, Pratibha
AU - Embree, Joanne E.
AU - Kreiss, Joan K.
AU - Ndinya-Achola, Jackoniah O.
AU - Braddick, Michael
AU - Temmerman, Marleen
AU - Nagelkerke, Nico J.D.
AU - Maitha, Gregory
AU - Holmes, King K.
AU - Piot, Peter
AU - Pamba, Hannington O.
AU - Plummer, Francis A.
N1 - Funding Information:
Financial support: Medical Research Council ofCanada (scientist award to F.A.P.; fellowship to J.E.E.); International Development Research Centre (Ottawa); National Health Research Development Program (Ottawa); National Institutes of Health (HD-23412); and European Community, Program Science and Technology for Development, Brussels.
PY - 1994/11
Y1 - 1994/11
N2 - Mother-to-child transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) is a significant problem in countries with endemic HIV-1 infection. Between 1986 and 1991, 365 children of HIV-L-infected mothers and 363 control children were studied in Kenya. The overall risk of transmission from mother to child, determined by serologic evidence of infection by age ≥ 12 months and excess mortality in the HIV-I-exposed group, was 42.8% (range, 27.6%-62.2%). Marriage was the only maternal characteristic associated with transmission (odds ratio, 2.2; 95% confidence interval, 1.2-4.2; P <.05). Children who experienced growth failure were more likely to be infected. In 44% of children ultimately infected, the pattern of antibody response implied intrapartum or postnatal exposure to HIV-1. Of potential postnatal exposures examined, duration of breast-feeding beyond age 15 months and the mother being married were independently associated with increased risk of infection and seroconversion of children. The percentage of HIV infection attributable to breast-feeding ≥ 15 months was 32%. The frequency of mother-to-child transmission of HIV-I was high; a substantial proportion of infection occurred postnatally, possibly through breast-feeding.
AB - Mother-to-child transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) is a significant problem in countries with endemic HIV-1 infection. Between 1986 and 1991, 365 children of HIV-L-infected mothers and 363 control children were studied in Kenya. The overall risk of transmission from mother to child, determined by serologic evidence of infection by age ≥ 12 months and excess mortality in the HIV-I-exposed group, was 42.8% (range, 27.6%-62.2%). Marriage was the only maternal characteristic associated with transmission (odds ratio, 2.2; 95% confidence interval, 1.2-4.2; P <.05). Children who experienced growth failure were more likely to be infected. In 44% of children ultimately infected, the pattern of antibody response implied intrapartum or postnatal exposure to HIV-1. Of potential postnatal exposures examined, duration of breast-feeding beyond age 15 months and the mother being married were independently associated with increased risk of infection and seroconversion of children. The percentage of HIV infection attributable to breast-feeding ≥ 15 months was 32%. The frequency of mother-to-child transmission of HIV-I was high; a substantial proportion of infection occurred postnatally, possibly through breast-feeding.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=0028151440&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=0028151440&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1093/infdis/170.5.1134
DO - 10.1093/infdis/170.5.1134
M3 - Article
C2 - 7963705
AN - SCOPUS:0028151440
SN - 0022-1899
VL - 170
SP - 1134
EP - 1140
JO - Journal of Infectious Diseases
JF - Journal of Infectious Diseases
IS - 5
ER -