Nanoscale Synthesis of Two Porphyrin-Based MOFs with Gallium and Indium

Timo Rhauderwiek, Steve Waitschat, Stefan Wuttke, Helge Reinsch, Thomas Bein, Norbert Stock

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

47 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

Two porphyrin-based metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) containing gallium or indium, [Ga2(OH)2(H2TCPP)]·3DMF·3H2O (Ga-PMOF) and [In2(OH)2(H2TCPP)]·3DMF·4H2O (In-PMOF) (H6TCPP = 4-tetracarboxyphenylporphyrin), were discovered using high-throughput methods. The structure was refined by the Rietveld-method starting from the structure model of Al-PMOF, [Al2(OH)2(H2TCPP)]. The new PMOFs exhibit BET surface areas between 1150 and 1400 m2 g-1 and are also porous toward CO2 (Ga-PMOF, 15.2 wt %; In-PMOF, 12.9 wt %). They are thermally stable in air up to 330 °C, but show limited chemical stabilities toward acids and bases. In order to achieve size control, different synthesis routes were investigated, i.e., batch synthesis at different temperatures (yield: In-PMOF-bs-th 96%, Ga-PMOF-bs-th 87%), ultrasound-assisted synthesis (yield: In-PMOF-bs-us 85%), and continuous-flow synthesis (yield: Ga-PMOF-cf 71%). By using these different methods we could control the nucleation rate and the crystal size. The crystal sizes were found to vary about 60 to 160 nm and 70 to 130 nm for Ga- and In-PMOF, respectively, which was proven by dynamic light scattering (DLS), powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) measurements.

Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)5312-5319
Number of pages8
JournalInorganic Chemistry
Volume55
Issue number11
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - Jun 6 2016
Externally publishedYes

ASJC Scopus subject areas

  • Physical and Theoretical Chemistry
  • Inorganic Chemistry

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