TY - JOUR
T1 - Neonatal diet alters fecal microbiota and metabolome profiles at different ages in infants fed breast milk or formula
AU - Brink, Lauren R.
AU - Mercer, Kelly E.
AU - Piccolo, Brian D.
AU - Chintapalli, Sree V.
AU - Elolimy, Ahmed
AU - Bowlin, Anne K.
AU - Matazel, Katelin S.
AU - Pack, Lindsay
AU - Adams, Sean H.
AU - Shankar, Kartik
AU - Badger, Thomas M.
AU - Andres, Aline
AU - Yeruva, Laxmi
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
Copyright © The Author(s) on behalf of the American Society for Nutrition 2020.
PY - 2020/6/1
Y1 - 2020/6/1
N2 - Neonatal diet has a large influence on child health and might modulate changes in fecal microbiota and metabolites. Objectives: The aim is to investigate fecal microbiota and metabolites at different ages in infants who were breastfed (BF), received dairy-based milk formula (MF), or received soy-based formula (SF). Methods: Fecal samples were collected at 3 (n = 16, 12, and 14, respectively), 6 (n = 20, 19, and 15, respectively), 9 (n = 12, 11, and 12, respectively), and 12 mo (n = 14, 14, and 15, respectively) for BF, MF, and SF infants. Infants that breastfed until 9 mo and switched to formula were considered as no longer breastfeeding at 12 mo. Microbiota data were obtained using 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing. Untargeted metabolomics was conducted using a Q-Exactive Hybrid Quadrupole-Orbitrap mass spectrometer. The data were analyzed using R (version 3.6.0) within the RStudio (version 1.1.463) platform. Results: At 3, 6, and 9 mo of age BF infants had the lowest α-diversity, SF infants had the highest diversity, and MF was intermediate. Bifidobacterium was 2.6- to 5-fold lower in SF relative to BF infants through 1 y of life. An unidentified genus from Ruminococcaceae higher in the SF (2%) than in the MF (0.4%) and BF (0.08%) infants at 3 mo of age was observed. In BF infants higher levels of butyric acid, d-sphingosine, kynurenic acid, indole-3-lactic acid, indole-3-acetic acid, and betaine were observed than in MF and SF infants. At 3 mo Ruminococcaceae was positively correlated to azelaic, gentisic, isocitric, sebacic, and syringic acids. At 6 mo Oscillospira was negatively correlated with 3-hydroxybutyric-acid, hydroxy-hydrocinnamic acid, and betaine whereas Bifidobacterium was negatively associated with 5-hydroxytryptamine. At 12 mo of age, Lachnospiraceae was negatively associated with hydroxyphenyllactic acid. Conclusions: Infant diet has a large impact on the fecal microbiome and metabolome in the first year of life. This study was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00616395.
AB - Neonatal diet has a large influence on child health and might modulate changes in fecal microbiota and metabolites. Objectives: The aim is to investigate fecal microbiota and metabolites at different ages in infants who were breastfed (BF), received dairy-based milk formula (MF), or received soy-based formula (SF). Methods: Fecal samples were collected at 3 (n = 16, 12, and 14, respectively), 6 (n = 20, 19, and 15, respectively), 9 (n = 12, 11, and 12, respectively), and 12 mo (n = 14, 14, and 15, respectively) for BF, MF, and SF infants. Infants that breastfed until 9 mo and switched to formula were considered as no longer breastfeeding at 12 mo. Microbiota data were obtained using 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing. Untargeted metabolomics was conducted using a Q-Exactive Hybrid Quadrupole-Orbitrap mass spectrometer. The data were analyzed using R (version 3.6.0) within the RStudio (version 1.1.463) platform. Results: At 3, 6, and 9 mo of age BF infants had the lowest α-diversity, SF infants had the highest diversity, and MF was intermediate. Bifidobacterium was 2.6- to 5-fold lower in SF relative to BF infants through 1 y of life. An unidentified genus from Ruminococcaceae higher in the SF (2%) than in the MF (0.4%) and BF (0.08%) infants at 3 mo of age was observed. In BF infants higher levels of butyric acid, d-sphingosine, kynurenic acid, indole-3-lactic acid, indole-3-acetic acid, and betaine were observed than in MF and SF infants. At 3 mo Ruminococcaceae was positively correlated to azelaic, gentisic, isocitric, sebacic, and syringic acids. At 6 mo Oscillospira was negatively correlated with 3-hydroxybutyric-acid, hydroxy-hydrocinnamic acid, and betaine whereas Bifidobacterium was negatively associated with 5-hydroxytryptamine. At 12 mo of age, Lachnospiraceae was negatively associated with hydroxyphenyllactic acid. Conclusions: Infant diet has a large impact on the fecal microbiome and metabolome in the first year of life. This study was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00616395.
KW - breastfeeding
KW - formula diets
KW - immune system
KW - metabolites
KW - microbiota
UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/85085878078
UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/85085878078#tab=citedBy
U2 - 10.1093/ajcn/nqaa076
DO - 10.1093/ajcn/nqaa076
M3 - Article
C2 - 32330237
AN - SCOPUS:85085878078
SN - 0002-9165
VL - 111
SP - 1190
EP - 1202
JO - American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
JF - American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
IS - 6
ER -