Networks and implementation tools for IoT and big data

This chapter mainly focuses on the core operational stack and data infrastructure of the Internet of things (IoT). It highlights the main components of the IoT, including networks, protocols, operating systems (OSs), and simulation platforms. IoT has already been extended to constrained things that require specific communication protocols, such as IPv6 over Low-Power Wireless Personal Area Networks (6LoWPAN), and Zonal Intercommunication Global-standard Internet Protocol (Zigbee IP). These protocols allow communications in the case of low-power devices with very small memory capacity but could carry huge amounts of data (big data). Also, they enable forwarding a set of sensed readings collected from the physical environment and receiving incoming information requested by servers or shared by other devices. This chapter details IP optimization and related extensions, such as 6LowPAN and Routing Protocol for Low-Power and Lossy Networks (RPL), used for constrained networks (e.g., Low-Power and Lossy Networks). Also, the chapter highlights the common multilevel communication protocols used for collecting and transporting data, such as the Constrained Application Protocol, Extensible Messaging and Presence Protocol, and Message Queuing Telemetry Transport. The collected data require an optimal OS such as Contiki-OS and Mbed OS, implementation platforms such as Cooja and Node-RED, and tools with characteristics that enable processing operations. Extensive comparisons and analyses are provided to help researchers choose an adequate OS, platforms, or tools to process the data. Finally, this chapter highlights the need for different communication protocols to operate efficiently while satisfying the application domain requirements.