TY - JOUR
T1 - No impact of strongylid infections on the detection of Plasmodium spp. in faeces of western lowland gorillas and eastern chimpanzees
AU - Mapua, Mwanahamisi I.
AU - Pafčo, Barbora
AU - Burgunder, Jade
AU - Profousová-Pšenková, Ilona
AU - Todd, Angelique
AU - Hashimoto, Chie
AU - Qablan, Moneeb A.
AU - Modrý, David
AU - Petrželková, Klára J.
N1 - Funding Information:
This work was funded by Czech Science Foundation (15‑05180S), by the pro‑ ject CEITEC‑Central European Institute of Technology (CZ.1.05/1.100/02.0068) from European Regional Development Fund, Internal Grant Agency of University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno (90/2014/FVL), co‑ financed from European Social Fund and state budget of the Czech Republic (project OPVK CZ.1.07/2.3.00/20.0300) and finally supported by the Institute of Vertebrate Biology Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic (RVO: 68081766).
Publisher Copyright:
© 2017 The Author(s).
PY - 2017/4/26
Y1 - 2017/4/26
N2 - Background: Although a high genetic diversity of Plasmodium spp. circulating in great apes has been revealed recently due to non-invasive methods enabling detection in faecal samples, little is known about the actual mechanisms underlying the presence of Plasmodium DNA in faeces. Great apes are commonly infected by strongylid nematodes, including hookworms, which cause intestinal bleeding. The impact of strongylid infections on the detection of Plasmodium DNA in faeces was assessed in wild, western, lowland gorillas from Dzanga Sangha Protected Areas, Central African Republic and eastern chimpanzees from Kalinzu Forest Reserve, Uganda. Methods: Fifty-one faecal samples from 22 habituated gorillas and 74 samples from 15 habituated chimpanzees were analysed using Cytochrome-b PCR assay and coprological methods. Results: Overall, 26.4% of the analysed samples were positive for both Plasmodium spp. and strongylids. However, the results showed no significant impact of intensity of infections of strongylids on detection of Plasmodium DNA in gorilla and chimpanzee faeces. Conclusion: Bleeding caused by strongylid nematode Necator spp. cannot explain the presence of Plasmodium DNA in ape faeces.
AB - Background: Although a high genetic diversity of Plasmodium spp. circulating in great apes has been revealed recently due to non-invasive methods enabling detection in faecal samples, little is known about the actual mechanisms underlying the presence of Plasmodium DNA in faeces. Great apes are commonly infected by strongylid nematodes, including hookworms, which cause intestinal bleeding. The impact of strongylid infections on the detection of Plasmodium DNA in faeces was assessed in wild, western, lowland gorillas from Dzanga Sangha Protected Areas, Central African Republic and eastern chimpanzees from Kalinzu Forest Reserve, Uganda. Methods: Fifty-one faecal samples from 22 habituated gorillas and 74 samples from 15 habituated chimpanzees were analysed using Cytochrome-b PCR assay and coprological methods. Results: Overall, 26.4% of the analysed samples were positive for both Plasmodium spp. and strongylids. However, the results showed no significant impact of intensity of infections of strongylids on detection of Plasmodium DNA in gorilla and chimpanzee faeces. Conclusion: Bleeding caused by strongylid nematode Necator spp. cannot explain the presence of Plasmodium DNA in ape faeces.
KW - Co-infection
KW - Eastern chimpanzee
KW - Faeces
KW - Malaria
KW - Necator spp.
KW - Plasmodium spp.
KW - Strongylid
KW - Western lowland gorilla
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U2 - 10.1186/s12936-017-1822-z
DO - 10.1186/s12936-017-1822-z
M3 - Article
C2 - 28446233
AN - SCOPUS:85018159766
SN - 1475-2875
VL - 16
JO - Malaria Journal
JF - Malaria Journal
IS - 1
M1 - 175
ER -