TY - JOUR
T1 - PBAT/PBS Blends Membranes Filled with Nanocrystalline Cellulose for Heavy Metal Ion Separation
AU - Kian, Lau Kia
AU - Jawaid, Mohammad
AU - Mahmoud, Mohamed H.
AU - Saba, Naheed
AU - Fouad, Hassan
AU - Alothman, Othman Y.
AU - Karim, Zoheb
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.
PY - 2022/12
Y1 - 2022/12
N2 - The aim of this study was to cognise the impact of nanocrystalline cellulose (NCCs) during fabrication of biodegradable poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT)/ poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) blend membranes. Biobased NCCs with high crystalline structure were incorporated ranging from 0 to 3 wt%. The 2 wt% NCC-filled membrane displayed a distinct and well-assimilated polymeric membrane network. In addition, increasing the NCCs loadings have positive impact on membrane porosity and average pour-size. The thermal resistance of the clean membrane was greatly increased after 1 wt% NCC loading but decreased dramatically with 2 and 3 wt% NCC loadings. Additionally, the membrane containing 3wt% NCCs displayed the greatest mechanical properties for Young’s modulus (3.12 GPa), elongation at break (8.5%), and tensile strength (28.3 MPa). The continuous operation test at 0.1 MPa demonstrated that a 3 wt% NCC loaded membrane had maximum removal effectiveness for metal ions of chromium and manganese i.e. 96% and 93%, respectively. Therefore, a fully biodegradable NCCs-filled PBAT/PBS composite membranes have significant future potential for use in the treatment of wastewater streams containing heavy metal ions.
AB - The aim of this study was to cognise the impact of nanocrystalline cellulose (NCCs) during fabrication of biodegradable poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT)/ poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) blend membranes. Biobased NCCs with high crystalline structure were incorporated ranging from 0 to 3 wt%. The 2 wt% NCC-filled membrane displayed a distinct and well-assimilated polymeric membrane network. In addition, increasing the NCCs loadings have positive impact on membrane porosity and average pour-size. The thermal resistance of the clean membrane was greatly increased after 1 wt% NCC loading but decreased dramatically with 2 and 3 wt% NCC loadings. Additionally, the membrane containing 3wt% NCCs displayed the greatest mechanical properties for Young’s modulus (3.12 GPa), elongation at break (8.5%), and tensile strength (28.3 MPa). The continuous operation test at 0.1 MPa demonstrated that a 3 wt% NCC loaded membrane had maximum removal effectiveness for metal ions of chromium and manganese i.e. 96% and 93%, respectively. Therefore, a fully biodegradable NCCs-filled PBAT/PBS composite membranes have significant future potential for use in the treatment of wastewater streams containing heavy metal ions.
KW - Composite membranes
KW - Heavy metal ions
KW - Nanocrystalline cellulose
KW - Poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate)
KW - Poly(butylene succinate)
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U2 - 10.1007/s10924-022-02590-3
DO - 10.1007/s10924-022-02590-3
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85138996062
SN - 1566-2543
VL - 30
SP - 5263
EP - 5273
JO - Journal of Polymers and the Environment
JF - Journal of Polymers and the Environment
IS - 12
ER -