Photo-induced CO                         2                          reduction by CH                         4                         /H                         2                         O to fuels over Cu-modified g-C                         3                         N                         4                          nanorods under simulated solar energy

Beenish Tahir; Muhammad Tahir; Nor Aishah Saidina Amin

doi:10.1016/j.apsusc.2017.05.117

Photo-induced CO ₂ reduction by CH ₄ /H ₂ O to fuels over Cu-modified g-C ₃ N ₄ nanorods under simulated solar energy

Beenish Tahir, Muhammad Tahir, Nor Aishah Saidina Amin

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

153 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

Copper modified polymeric graphitic carbon nitride (Cu/g-C ₃ N ₄ ) nanorods for photo-induced CO ₂ conversion with methane (CH ₄ ) and water (H ₂ O) as reducing system under simulated solar energy has been investigated. The nanocatalysts, synthesized by pyrolysis and sonication, were characterized by XRD, FTIR, Raman analysis, XPS, SEM, N ₂ adsorption-desorption and PL spectroscopy. The presence of Cu ²⁺ ions over the g-C ₃ N ₄ structure inhibited charge carriers recombination process. The results indicated that photo-activity and selectivity of Cu/g-C ₃ N ₄ photo-catalyst for CO ₂ reduction greatly dependent on the type of CO ₂ -reduction system. CO ₂ was efficiently converted to CH ₄ and CH ₃ OH with traces of C ₂ H ₄ and C ₂ H ₆ hydrocarbons in the CO ₂ -water system. The yield of the main product, CH ₄ over 3 wt.% Cu/g-C ₃ N ₄ was 109 μmole g-cata. ⁻¹ h ⁻¹ under visible light irradiation, significantly higher than the pure g-C ₃ N ₄ catalyst (60 μmole/g.cat). In photo-induced CO ₂ -CH ₄ reaction, CO and H ₂ were detected as the main products with smaller amount of hydrocarbons. The highest efficiency was detected over 3 wt.%Cu-loading of g-C ₃ N ₄ and at optimal CH ₄ /CO ₂ feed ratio of 1.0. The maximum yield of CO and H ₂ detected were 142 and 76 μmole g-catal. ⁻¹ h ⁻¹ , respectively at selectivity 66.6% and 32.5%, respectively. Significantly enhanced CO ₂ /CH ₄ reduction over Cu/g-C ₃ N ₄ was attributed to its polymeric structure with efficient charge transfer property and inhibited charges recombination rate. A proposed photo-induced reaction mechanism, corroborated with the experimental data, was also deliberated.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	875-885
Number of pages	11
Journal	Applied Surface Science
Volume	419
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2017.05.117
Publication status	Published - Oct 15 2017
Externally published	Yes

Keywords

H O/CH reductants
Photocatalytic CO reforming
Polymeric graphitic carbon nitride
Solar energy

ASJC Scopus subject areas

General Chemistry
Condensed Matter Physics
General Physics and Astronomy
Surfaces and Interfaces
Surfaces, Coatings and Films

Access to Document

10.1016/j.apsusc.2017.05.117

Cite this

Tahir, B., Tahir, M., & Amin, N. A. S. (2017). Photo-induced CO ₂ reduction by CH ₄ /H ₂ O to fuels over Cu-modified g-C ₃ N ₄ nanorods under simulated solar energy Applied Surface Science, 419, 875-885. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2017.05.117

Photo-induced CO ₂ reduction by CH ₄ /H ₂ O to fuels over Cu-modified g-C ₃ N ₄ nanorods under simulated solar energy . / Tahir, Beenish; Tahir, Muhammad; Amin, Nor Aishah Saidina.
In: Applied Surface Science, Vol. 419, 15.10.2017, p. 875-885.

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

Tahir, B, Tahir, M & Amin, NAS 2017, ' Photo-induced CO ₂ reduction by CH ₄ /H ₂ O to fuels over Cu-modified g-C ₃ N ₄ nanorods under simulated solar energy ', Applied Surface Science, vol. 419, pp. 875-885. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2017.05.117

Tahir B, Tahir M, Amin NAS. Photo-induced CO ₂ reduction by CH ₄ /H ₂ O to fuels over Cu-modified g-C ₃ N ₄ nanorods under simulated solar energy Applied Surface Science. 2017 Oct 15;419:875-885. doi: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2017.05.117

Tahir, Beenish ; Tahir, Muhammad ; Amin, Nor Aishah Saidina. / Photo-induced CO ₂ reduction by CH ₄ /H ₂ O to fuels over Cu-modified g-C ₃ N ₄ nanorods under simulated solar energy In: Applied Surface Science. 2017 ; Vol. 419. pp. 875-885.

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title = " Photo-induced CO 2 reduction by CH 4 /H 2 O to fuels over Cu-modified g-C 3 N 4 nanorods under simulated solar energy ",

abstract = " Copper modified polymeric graphitic carbon nitride (Cu/g-C 3 N 4 ) nanorods for photo-induced CO 2 conversion with methane (CH 4 ) and water (H 2 O) as reducing system under simulated solar energy has been investigated. The nanocatalysts, synthesized by pyrolysis and sonication, were characterized by XRD, FTIR, Raman analysis, XPS, SEM, N 2 adsorption-desorption and PL spectroscopy. The presence of Cu 2+ ions over the g-C 3 N 4 structure inhibited charge carriers recombination process. The results indicated that photo-activity and selectivity of Cu/g-C 3 N 4 photo-catalyst for CO 2 reduction greatly dependent on the type of CO 2 -reduction system. CO 2 was efficiently converted to CH 4 and CH 3 OH with traces of C 2 H 4 and C 2 H 6 hydrocarbons in the CO 2 -water system. The yield of the main product, CH 4 over 3 wt.% Cu/g-C 3 N 4 was 109 μmole g-cata. −1 h −1 under visible light irradiation, significantly higher than the pure g-C 3 N 4 catalyst (60 μmole/g.cat). In photo-induced CO 2 -CH 4 reaction, CO and H 2 were detected as the main products with smaller amount of hydrocarbons. The highest efficiency was detected over 3 wt.%Cu-loading of g-C 3 N 4 and at optimal CH 4 /CO 2 feed ratio of 1.0. The maximum yield of CO and H 2 detected were 142 and 76 μmole g-catal. −1 h −1 , respectively at selectivity 66.6% and 32.5%, respectively. Significantly enhanced CO 2 /CH 4 reduction over Cu/g-C 3 N 4 was attributed to its polymeric structure with efficient charge transfer property and inhibited charges recombination rate. A proposed photo-induced reaction mechanism, corroborated with the experimental data, was also deliberated.",

keywords = "H O/CH reductants, Photocatalytic CO reforming, Polymeric graphitic carbon nitride, Solar energy",

author = "Beenish Tahir and Muhammad Tahir and Amin, {Nor Aishah Saidina}",

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AU - Tahir, Muhammad

AU - Amin, Nor Aishah Saidina

PY - 2017/10/15

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N2 - Copper modified polymeric graphitic carbon nitride (Cu/g-C 3 N 4 ) nanorods for photo-induced CO 2 conversion with methane (CH 4 ) and water (H 2 O) as reducing system under simulated solar energy has been investigated. The nanocatalysts, synthesized by pyrolysis and sonication, were characterized by XRD, FTIR, Raman analysis, XPS, SEM, N 2 adsorption-desorption and PL spectroscopy. The presence of Cu 2+ ions over the g-C 3 N 4 structure inhibited charge carriers recombination process. The results indicated that photo-activity and selectivity of Cu/g-C 3 N 4 photo-catalyst for CO 2 reduction greatly dependent on the type of CO 2 -reduction system. CO 2 was efficiently converted to CH 4 and CH 3 OH with traces of C 2 H 4 and C 2 H 6 hydrocarbons in the CO 2 -water system. The yield of the main product, CH 4 over 3 wt.% Cu/g-C 3 N 4 was 109 μmole g-cata. −1 h −1 under visible light irradiation, significantly higher than the pure g-C 3 N 4 catalyst (60 μmole/g.cat). In photo-induced CO 2 -CH 4 reaction, CO and H 2 were detected as the main products with smaller amount of hydrocarbons. The highest efficiency was detected over 3 wt.%Cu-loading of g-C 3 N 4 and at optimal CH 4 /CO 2 feed ratio of 1.0. The maximum yield of CO and H 2 detected were 142 and 76 μmole g-catal. −1 h −1 , respectively at selectivity 66.6% and 32.5%, respectively. Significantly enhanced CO 2 /CH 4 reduction over Cu/g-C 3 N 4 was attributed to its polymeric structure with efficient charge transfer property and inhibited charges recombination rate. A proposed photo-induced reaction mechanism, corroborated with the experimental data, was also deliberated.

AB - Copper modified polymeric graphitic carbon nitride (Cu/g-C 3 N 4 ) nanorods for photo-induced CO 2 conversion with methane (CH 4 ) and water (H 2 O) as reducing system under simulated solar energy has been investigated. The nanocatalysts, synthesized by pyrolysis and sonication, were characterized by XRD, FTIR, Raman analysis, XPS, SEM, N 2 adsorption-desorption and PL spectroscopy. The presence of Cu 2+ ions over the g-C 3 N 4 structure inhibited charge carriers recombination process. The results indicated that photo-activity and selectivity of Cu/g-C 3 N 4 photo-catalyst for CO 2 reduction greatly dependent on the type of CO 2 -reduction system. CO 2 was efficiently converted to CH 4 and CH 3 OH with traces of C 2 H 4 and C 2 H 6 hydrocarbons in the CO 2 -water system. The yield of the main product, CH 4 over 3 wt.% Cu/g-C 3 N 4 was 109 μmole g-cata. −1 h −1 under visible light irradiation, significantly higher than the pure g-C 3 N 4 catalyst (60 μmole/g.cat). In photo-induced CO 2 -CH 4 reaction, CO and H 2 were detected as the main products with smaller amount of hydrocarbons. The highest efficiency was detected over 3 wt.%Cu-loading of g-C 3 N 4 and at optimal CH 4 /CO 2 feed ratio of 1.0. The maximum yield of CO and H 2 detected were 142 and 76 μmole g-catal. −1 h −1 , respectively at selectivity 66.6% and 32.5%, respectively. Significantly enhanced CO 2 /CH 4 reduction over Cu/g-C 3 N 4 was attributed to its polymeric structure with efficient charge transfer property and inhibited charges recombination rate. A proposed photo-induced reaction mechanism, corroborated with the experimental data, was also deliberated.

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