Polycystic ovary syndrome in university students: Occurrence and associated factors

Background: The aim of this study was to assess the occurrence of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and its association with body composition among students in University of Sharjah (UOS).

Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study included a total sample size of 50 female students registering in undergraduate programs at the University of Sharjah using convenience sampling technique. A pretested interview schedule was administered to elicit information pertaining to personal background and medical history related to PCOS. A diagnostic ultrasound scan was performed for determining PCOS along with a body composition analysis using bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) technology.

Results: Twenty percent (10 out of 50 participants) were diagnosed with PCOS, of whom only 4 individuals were previously diagnosed with PCOS and aware of their conditions, while the reports showed 16% with oligomenorrhea, 4% with polymenorrhea, and none with amenorrhea. A positive family history was indicated as reported by 22% of the total participants. Significant difference between the body weights of participants having PCOS (66.7 kg) and those without it (58.8 kg) were noted (p=0.043, t=2.084). On the other hand, the body composition related variables including waist-hip ratio (WHR), fat-free mass (FFM), percent body fat (PBF) and visceral fat area (VFA) were relatively higher in participants having PCOS than those without it. However, there was no statistical significance of differences. Comparatively, the participants with PCOS had lower bone mineral density (BMD) than those without it, whereas the difference was statistically non-significant.

Conclusion: The occurrence of PCOS in the present study is consistent with the global prevalence. Comparatively, the body composition of PCOS females is different from the normal females. Further studies are required in the Middle East region on larger sample sizes and broader aspects of health including lifestyle and dietary components to understand these differences.