TY - JOUR
T1 - Prevalence of non-typhoidal Salmonella enterica in food products in the Middle East and North Africa
T2 - A systematic review and meta-analysis
AU - Al-Rifai, Rami H.
AU - Chaabna, Karima
AU - Denagamage, Thomas
AU - Alali, Walid Q.
N1 - Funding Information:
Authors are grateful to the infrastructure provided by the Institute of Public Health at the United Arab Emirates University.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2019 Elsevier Ltd
PY - 2020/3
Y1 - 2020/3
N2 - Food contamination with non-typhoidal Salmonella enterica (NTS) is common in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region. A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted to summarize available data on the overall regional and national-specific NTS prevalence in food products in this region. Published literature of NTS prevalence in food was systematically reviewed and reported following the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines. The overall NTS prevalence was estimated regionally and nationally in MENA with stratification by food commodity, sample size, and period of data collection. Pooled NTS prevalence measures were estimated using a random-effects model. Out of 5,495 citations screened, 60 research reports published between 1996 and 2018 from 13 countries were eligible. A total of 154 NTS prevalence measures were reported (out of the 60 research reports) representing 24,023 tested food samples with 1,324 NTS-positive samples. The pooled NTS prevalence was estimated at 8.8% (95% confidence interval (CI): 7.0–10.8%). The pooled NTS prevalence in food from land animals was 9.0% (95% CI: 6.8–11.4) based on measures from 13 countries. Furthermore, the pooled NTS prevalence in aquatic food products (in four countries) and in plant foods (in six countries) was 22.9% (95% CI: 13.8–33.4%) and 0.4% (95% CI: 0.0–1.9%), respectively. The NTS prevalence was 13.4% (95% CI: 10.1–17.1%) in studies tested <100 food samples compared to 4.1% (95% CI: 2.7–5.8%) in studies tested ≥100 food samples. Country, food commodity, sample size, and period of the data collection were predictors associated with heterogeneity in the NTS prevalence measures. Salmonella Typhimurium (28.0%), S. Enteritidis (23.6%), and S. Kentucky (20.3%) were the most common serotypes in the tested food commodities. The NTS was relatively common in food products consumed in MENA region. Implementation of risk-based food safety systems in the MENA region may reduce the burden of NTS in food, and therefore improve public health.
AB - Food contamination with non-typhoidal Salmonella enterica (NTS) is common in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region. A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted to summarize available data on the overall regional and national-specific NTS prevalence in food products in this region. Published literature of NTS prevalence in food was systematically reviewed and reported following the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines. The overall NTS prevalence was estimated regionally and nationally in MENA with stratification by food commodity, sample size, and period of data collection. Pooled NTS prevalence measures were estimated using a random-effects model. Out of 5,495 citations screened, 60 research reports published between 1996 and 2018 from 13 countries were eligible. A total of 154 NTS prevalence measures were reported (out of the 60 research reports) representing 24,023 tested food samples with 1,324 NTS-positive samples. The pooled NTS prevalence was estimated at 8.8% (95% confidence interval (CI): 7.0–10.8%). The pooled NTS prevalence in food from land animals was 9.0% (95% CI: 6.8–11.4) based on measures from 13 countries. Furthermore, the pooled NTS prevalence in aquatic food products (in four countries) and in plant foods (in six countries) was 22.9% (95% CI: 13.8–33.4%) and 0.4% (95% CI: 0.0–1.9%), respectively. The NTS prevalence was 13.4% (95% CI: 10.1–17.1%) in studies tested <100 food samples compared to 4.1% (95% CI: 2.7–5.8%) in studies tested ≥100 food samples. Country, food commodity, sample size, and period of the data collection were predictors associated with heterogeneity in the NTS prevalence measures. Salmonella Typhimurium (28.0%), S. Enteritidis (23.6%), and S. Kentucky (20.3%) were the most common serotypes in the tested food commodities. The NTS was relatively common in food products consumed in MENA region. Implementation of risk-based food safety systems in the MENA region may reduce the burden of NTS in food, and therefore improve public health.
KW - Food safety
KW - MENA region
KW - Middle East and North Africa
KW - Non-typhoidal Salmonella
KW - Salmonella
KW - Systematic review
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U2 - 10.1016/j.foodcont.2019.106908
DO - 10.1016/j.foodcont.2019.106908
M3 - Review article
AN - SCOPUS:85072576197
SN - 0956-7135
VL - 109
JO - Food Control
JF - Food Control
M1 - 106908
ER -