TY - JOUR
T1 - Protective effects of the antihistamine promethazine aginst acute paraxon-methyl and dicrotophos toxicity in adult rats
AU - Nurulain, Syed M.
AU - Ojha, Shreesh
AU - Shafiullah, Mohammad
AU - Khan, Nadia
AU - Oz, Murat
AU - Sadek, Bassem
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2015, E-Century Publishing Corporation. All Rights reserved.
PY - 2015/10/30
Y1 - 2015/10/30
N2 - Organophosphorus compound poisoning (OPC) is a global issue. The problem is aggravated with the threats of terrorist use, unintentional use and irresponsible practice as happened recently in turmoil countries. The purpose of the current study was to investigate the old-generation antihistamine promethazine (PROM), a drug with multi pharmacological actions, as an antidote to extremely and highly toxic (WHO’s class IA and IB) OPC poisoning in experimental animal models conducted on adult male wistar rats. Experimental groups were treated intraperitoneal (i.p.) with LD70 of methyl paraoxon (MPOX), class IA and dicrotophos (DCP), class IB alone and a combination of simultaneously i.p. injection of PROM. Mortality was recorded at 30 minutes, 1, 2, 3, 4, 24, 48 hours post injections. RBC-AChE was measured in survivals. MPOX was chosen for further studies with atropine (ATR) and pralidoxime (PAM). In addition to Kaplan-Meir survival analysis, serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatinine kinase (CK) from serum were measured in all experimental groups with MPOX. The results revealed significant protection by PROM in both MPOX and DCP intoxicated rats, though the inhibition of RBC-AChE was high. The observed results show that groups treated with a combination of MPOX and PROM or MPOX, PROM, and PAM were protected higher than those treated with MPOX and ATR or MPOX, ATR, and PAM though statistically not significantly different (P ≤ 0.05). No effect was observed on the activity of LDH and CK. The study concludes that PROM may be effectively used in OPC poisoning. However, risk/benefits trials and further studies with different doses and other OPC groups are warranted.
AB - Organophosphorus compound poisoning (OPC) is a global issue. The problem is aggravated with the threats of terrorist use, unintentional use and irresponsible practice as happened recently in turmoil countries. The purpose of the current study was to investigate the old-generation antihistamine promethazine (PROM), a drug with multi pharmacological actions, as an antidote to extremely and highly toxic (WHO’s class IA and IB) OPC poisoning in experimental animal models conducted on adult male wistar rats. Experimental groups were treated intraperitoneal (i.p.) with LD70 of methyl paraoxon (MPOX), class IA and dicrotophos (DCP), class IB alone and a combination of simultaneously i.p. injection of PROM. Mortality was recorded at 30 minutes, 1, 2, 3, 4, 24, 48 hours post injections. RBC-AChE was measured in survivals. MPOX was chosen for further studies with atropine (ATR) and pralidoxime (PAM). In addition to Kaplan-Meir survival analysis, serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatinine kinase (CK) from serum were measured in all experimental groups with MPOX. The results revealed significant protection by PROM in both MPOX and DCP intoxicated rats, though the inhibition of RBC-AChE was high. The observed results show that groups treated with a combination of MPOX and PROM or MPOX, PROM, and PAM were protected higher than those treated with MPOX and ATR or MPOX, ATR, and PAM though statistically not significantly different (P ≤ 0.05). No effect was observed on the activity of LDH and CK. The study concludes that PROM may be effectively used in OPC poisoning. However, risk/benefits trials and further studies with different doses and other OPC groups are warranted.
KW - Antihistamine
KW - Atropine
KW - Dicrotophos
KW - Organophosphorus poisoning
KW - Paraoxon
KW - Pralidoxime
KW - Promethazine
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84952802446&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=84952802446&partnerID=8YFLogxK
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:84952802446
SN - 1940-5901
VL - 8
SP - 17891
EP - 17901
JO - International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine
JF - International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine
IS - 10
ER -