Ranatuerins: Antimicrobial peptides isolated from the skin of the American bullfrog, Rana catesbeiana

Nine peptides, termed ranatuerins 1-9, with antimicrobial activity towards Staphylococcus aureus, were isolated from an extract of the skin of the adult American bullfrog, Rana catesbeiana. In common with other cytolytic peptides from Ranid frogs, (e.g. ranalexin, gaegurins, brevinins), ranatuerins 1 and 4 contain an intramolecular disulfide bridge forming a heptapeptide ring whereas in ranatuerins 2 and 3 the disulfide bridge forms a hexapeptide ring. The structurally related ranatuerins 5-9 comprise 12-14 amino acids and show sequence similarity towards the hemolytic peptides A1 and B9 previously isolated from the skin of Rana esculenta. Of the peptides purified, ranatuerin 1 (SMLSVLKNLGKVGLG FVACKINKQC) showed the broadest spectrum of antimicrobial action with inhibitory activity against S. aureus, Escherichia coli and Candida albicans.