Role of Innate Immunity in Cancer

The cancer-immune interaction is a dynamic sequence of actions carried out by cellular and soluble factors that either promote or suppress tumor development, proliferation, and metastasis. The immune system may be stimulated or suppressed as a result of the interaction between tumors and immune cells. Understanding this complex interplay will allow us to use the immune system for long-term management of cancer. Innate immune cells are capable of detecting the molecular alterations caused by changes in the local environment and then mount and modulate effector responses. The effect that the innate immune system has on neoplastic disease depends on the balance of signals within the tumor microenvironment. Even though there has been a lot of focus on the adaptive immune system’s functions, there is mounting evidence that the innate immune system’s effector cells play an important role in tumor surveillance. We discuss the innate immune cells, soluble factors, signaling pathways, and their role in tumor immune surveillance.