Role of Ti₃C₂MXene as Prominent Schottky Barriers in Driving Hydrogen Production through Photoinduced Water Splitting: A Comprehensive Review

Photocatalytic hydrogen generation through the utilization of the Ti3C2 MXene photocatalyst offers the best alternatives to provide clean, sustainable, and renewable energy sources. The unique structure, good metallic conductivity, and excellent photochemical properties exhibited by Ti3C2 MXene nominate it as a highly favored cocatalyst to derive hydrogen generation compared to other noncommercial semiconductors. This review highlights the role of Ti3C2 MXene and its potential in promoting photocatalytic hydrogen production through the formation of Schottky interfaces. First, the structural overview and the basic principles of Ti3C2 MXene in photocatalysis are summarized. Second, a brief introduction to the characteristics of Ti3C2 MXene is made to give a firm understanding of its optoelectronic and electrical properties and its stability under thermal and oxidative treatment. Besides, the role of Ti3C2 MXene in promoting photocatalytic hydrogen production is consistently discussed with a focus on the photoactivity enhancement of Ti3C2 MXene-based Schottky junctions. Furthermore, insights into the different morphological effects of Ti3C2 MXene on photocatalytic reactions are summarized. Finally, the future prospects and challenges are discussed to give insights into the future development of Ti3C2 MXene. Hence, this review provides a significant overview for further exploring the role of Ti3C2 MXene as an effective cocatalyst for photocatalytic H2 production and other energy applications.