TY - JOUR
T1 - Ruthenium bis-diimine complexes with a chelating thioether ligand
T2 - Delineating 1,10-phenanthrolinyl and 2,2′-bipyridyl ligand substituent effects
AU - Al-Rawashdeh, Nathir A.F.
AU - Chatterjee, Sayandev
AU - Krause, Jeanette A.
AU - Connick, William B.
PY - 2014/1/6
Y1 - 2014/1/6
N2 - Despite the high π-acidity of thioether donors, ruthenium(II) complexes with a bidentate 1,2-bis(phenylthio)ethane (dpte) ligand and two chelating diimine ligands (i.e., Ru(diimine)2(dpte)2+) exhibit room-temperature fluid solution emission originating from a lowest MLCT excited state (diimine = 2,2′-bipyridine, 5,5′-dimethyl-2,2′- bipyridine 4,4′-di-tert-butyl-2,2′-bipyridine, 1,10-phenanthroline, 5-methyl-1,10-phenanthroline, 5-chloro-1,10-phenanthroline, 5-bromo-1,10- phenanthroline, 5-nitro-1,10-phenanthroline, 4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline, and 3,4,7,8-tetramethyl-1,10-phenanthroline). Crystal structures show that the complexes form 2 of the 12 possible conformational/configurational isomers, as well as nonstatistical distributions of geometric isomers; there also are short intramolecular π-π interactions between the diimine ligands and dpte phenyl groups. The photoinduced solvolysis product, [Ru(diimine) 2(CH3CN)2](PF6)2, for one complex in acetonitrile also was characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Variations in the MLCT energies and Ru(III/II) redox couple, E ′(Ru3+/2+), can be understood in terms of the influence of the donor properties of the ligands on the mainly metal-based HOMO and mainly diimine ligand-based LUMO. E ′(Ru3+/2+) also is quantitatively described using a summative Hammett parameter (σT), as well as using Lever's electrochemical parameters (EL). Recommended parametrizations for substituted 2,2′-bipyridyl and 1,10-phenanthrolinyl ligands were derived from analysis of correlations of E ′(Ru 3+/2+) for 99 homo- and heteroleptic ruthenium(II) tris-diimine complexes. This analysis reveals that variations in E ′(Ru 3+/2+) due to substituents at the 4- and 4′-positions of bipyridyl ligands and 4- and 7-positions of phenanthrolinyl ligands are significantly more strongly correlated with σp+ than either σm or σp. Substituents at the 5- and 6-positions of phenanthrolinyl ligands are best described by σm and have effects comparable to those of substituents at the 3- and 8-positions. Correlations of EL with σT for 1,10-phenanthrolinyl and 2,2′-bipyridyl ligands show similar results, except that σp and σp+ are almost equally effective in describing the influence of substituents at the 4- and 4′-positions of bipyridyl ligands. MLCT energies and d5/d 6-electron redox couples of the complexes with 5-substituted 1,10-phenanthroline exhibit correlations with values for other d 6-electron metal complexes that can be rationalized in terms of the relative number of diimine ligands and substituents.
AB - Despite the high π-acidity of thioether donors, ruthenium(II) complexes with a bidentate 1,2-bis(phenylthio)ethane (dpte) ligand and two chelating diimine ligands (i.e., Ru(diimine)2(dpte)2+) exhibit room-temperature fluid solution emission originating from a lowest MLCT excited state (diimine = 2,2′-bipyridine, 5,5′-dimethyl-2,2′- bipyridine 4,4′-di-tert-butyl-2,2′-bipyridine, 1,10-phenanthroline, 5-methyl-1,10-phenanthroline, 5-chloro-1,10-phenanthroline, 5-bromo-1,10- phenanthroline, 5-nitro-1,10-phenanthroline, 4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline, and 3,4,7,8-tetramethyl-1,10-phenanthroline). Crystal structures show that the complexes form 2 of the 12 possible conformational/configurational isomers, as well as nonstatistical distributions of geometric isomers; there also are short intramolecular π-π interactions between the diimine ligands and dpte phenyl groups. The photoinduced solvolysis product, [Ru(diimine) 2(CH3CN)2](PF6)2, for one complex in acetonitrile also was characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Variations in the MLCT energies and Ru(III/II) redox couple, E ′(Ru3+/2+), can be understood in terms of the influence of the donor properties of the ligands on the mainly metal-based HOMO and mainly diimine ligand-based LUMO. E ′(Ru3+/2+) also is quantitatively described using a summative Hammett parameter (σT), as well as using Lever's electrochemical parameters (EL). Recommended parametrizations for substituted 2,2′-bipyridyl and 1,10-phenanthrolinyl ligands were derived from analysis of correlations of E ′(Ru 3+/2+) for 99 homo- and heteroleptic ruthenium(II) tris-diimine complexes. This analysis reveals that variations in E ′(Ru 3+/2+) due to substituents at the 4- and 4′-positions of bipyridyl ligands and 4- and 7-positions of phenanthrolinyl ligands are significantly more strongly correlated with σp+ than either σm or σp. Substituents at the 5- and 6-positions of phenanthrolinyl ligands are best described by σm and have effects comparable to those of substituents at the 3- and 8-positions. Correlations of EL with σT for 1,10-phenanthrolinyl and 2,2′-bipyridyl ligands show similar results, except that σp and σp+ are almost equally effective in describing the influence of substituents at the 4- and 4′-positions of bipyridyl ligands. MLCT energies and d5/d 6-electron redox couples of the complexes with 5-substituted 1,10-phenanthroline exhibit correlations with values for other d 6-electron metal complexes that can be rationalized in terms of the relative number of diimine ligands and substituents.
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U2 - 10.1021/ic4022454
DO - 10.1021/ic4022454
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:84891753734
SN - 0020-1669
VL - 53
SP - 294
EP - 307
JO - Inorganic Chemistry
JF - Inorganic Chemistry
IS - 1
ER -