Simulation of natural convection of Fe₃O₄-water ferrofluid in a circular porous cavity in the presence of a magnetic field

In the current paper, natural convection of ferrofluid through a permeable medium has been simulated by using a new method (CVFEM). To predict nanofluid characteristics, a single-phase model has been utilized. The roles of the Darcy number, the Hartmann number, the concentration of ferrofluid, and buoyancy forces are displayed in the results. Outputs display that temperature detracts with the augmentation of buoyancy forces and permeability. Augmenting Lorenz forces makes temperature to enhance. A stronger magnetic field can decrease the ferrofluid velocity.