Structural characteristic and molecular docking simulation of fish protein-derived peptides: Recent updates on antioxidant, anti-hypertensive and anti-diabetic peptides

Over the decade, fish protein-derived peptides (FPDP) have been evaluated for various biological activities including their mechanism of action through structure–activity relationship (SAR) and molecular simulation. SAR studies are known to provide the basic structural information of the active site which can be used for designing synthetic bioactive peptides for application in therapeutics and medicinal purposes. In light of the above discussion, this review discusses the mechanism of action and SAR of the FPDP with a focus on three widely studied bioactive properties including antioxidant, antihypertensive and anti-diabetic activities. The emphasis is given to the recently purified and identified FPDP from various seafood resources. A brief discussion has been made on their structural characteristics and mechanism of action towards antioxidant, angiotensin-I converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition, and dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV) inhibitory activities. Additionally, the importance and future perspective of SAR of food-derived bioactive peptides have been addressed.