TY - JOUR
T1 - The burden of metabolic risk factors in North Africa and the Middle East, 1990–2019
T2 - findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study
AU - GBD 2019 North Africa and the Middle East MRF Collaborators
AU - Malekpour, Mohammad Reza
AU - Abbasi-Kangevari, Mohsen
AU - Ghamari, Seyyed Hadi
AU - Khanali, Javad
AU - Heidari-Foroozan, Mahsa
AU - Moghaddam, Sahar Saeedi
AU - Azangou-Khyavy, Mohammadreza
AU - Rezazadeh-Khadem, Sahba
AU - Rezaei, Negar
AU - Shobeiri, Parnian
AU - Esfahani, Zahra
AU - Rezaei, Nazila
AU - Aali, Amirali
AU - Abd-Elsalam, Sherief
AU - Abdoun, Meriem
AU - Absalan, Abdorrahim
AU - Abu-Gharbieh, Eman
AU - Abu-Rmeileh, Niveen ME
AU - Abu-Zaid, Ahmed
AU - Ahmadi, Ali
AU - Ahmadi, Sepideh
AU - Ahmed, Ayman
AU - Rashid, Tarik Ahmed
AU - Ajami, Marjan
AU - Akbarzadeh-Khiavi, Mostafa
AU - Al Hamad, Hanadi
AU - Alalwan, Tariq A.
AU - Alhabib, Khalid F.
AU - Alimohamadi, Yousef
AU - Alipour, Vahid
AU - Aljunid, Syed Mohamed
AU - Alomari, Mahmoud A.
AU - Alqahatni, Saleh A.
AU - Al-Raddadi, Rajaa M.
AU - Aminian Dehkordi, Javad Javad
AU - Amir-Behghadami, Mehrdad
AU - Amiri, Sohrab
AU - Anvari, Davood
AU - Arabloo, Jalal
AU - Arulappan, Judie
AU - Arumugam, Ashokan
AU - Aryan, Zahra
AU - Athar, Mohammad
AU - Athari, Seyyed Shamsadin
AU - Avan, Abolfazl
AU - Azadnajafabad, Sina
AU - Azari, Samad
AU - Elbarazi, Iffat
AU - Khan, Moien A.B.
AU - Shah, Syed Mahboob
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2023 The Authors
PY - 2023/6
Y1 - 2023/6
N2 - Background: The objective of this study is to investigate the trends of exposure and burden attributable to the four main metabolic risk factors, including high systolic blood pressure (SBP), high fasting plasma glucose (FPG), high body-mass index (BMI), and high low-density lipoproteins cholesterol (LDL) in North Africa and the Middle East from 1990 to 2019. Methods: The data were retrieved from Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Summary exposure value (SEV) was used for risk factor exposure. Burden attributable to each risk factor was incorporated in the population attributable fraction to estimate the total attributable deaths and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs). Findings: While age-standardized death rate (ASDR) attributable to high-LDL and high-SBP decreased by 26.5% (18.6–35.2) and 23.4% (15.9–31.5) over 1990–2019, respectively, high-BMI with 5.1% (−9.0–25.9) and high-FPG with 21.4% (7.0–37.4) change, grew in ASDR. Moreover, age-standardized DALY rate attributed to high-LDL and high-SBP declined by 30.2% (20.9–39.0) and 25.2% (16.8–33.9), respectively. The attributable age-standardized DALY rate of high-BMI with 8.3% (−6.5–28.8) and high-FPG with 27.0% (14.3–40.8) increase, had a growing trend. Age-standardized SEVs of high-FPG, high-BMI, high-SBP, and high-LDL increased by 92.4% (82.8–103.3), 76.0% (58.9–99.3), 10.4% (3.8–18.0), and 5.5% (4.3–7.1), respectively. Interpretation: The burden attributed to high-SBP and high-LDL decreased during the 1990–2019 period in the region, while the attributable burden of high-FPG and high-BMI increased. Alarmingly, exposure to all four risk factors increased in the past three decades. There has been significant heterogeneity among the countries in the region regarding the trends of exposure and attributable burden. Urgent action is required at the individual, community, and national levels in terms of introducing effective strategies for prevention and treatment that account for local and socioeconomic factors. Funding: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
AB - Background: The objective of this study is to investigate the trends of exposure and burden attributable to the four main metabolic risk factors, including high systolic blood pressure (SBP), high fasting plasma glucose (FPG), high body-mass index (BMI), and high low-density lipoproteins cholesterol (LDL) in North Africa and the Middle East from 1990 to 2019. Methods: The data were retrieved from Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Summary exposure value (SEV) was used for risk factor exposure. Burden attributable to each risk factor was incorporated in the population attributable fraction to estimate the total attributable deaths and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs). Findings: While age-standardized death rate (ASDR) attributable to high-LDL and high-SBP decreased by 26.5% (18.6–35.2) and 23.4% (15.9–31.5) over 1990–2019, respectively, high-BMI with 5.1% (−9.0–25.9) and high-FPG with 21.4% (7.0–37.4) change, grew in ASDR. Moreover, age-standardized DALY rate attributed to high-LDL and high-SBP declined by 30.2% (20.9–39.0) and 25.2% (16.8–33.9), respectively. The attributable age-standardized DALY rate of high-BMI with 8.3% (−6.5–28.8) and high-FPG with 27.0% (14.3–40.8) increase, had a growing trend. Age-standardized SEVs of high-FPG, high-BMI, high-SBP, and high-LDL increased by 92.4% (82.8–103.3), 76.0% (58.9–99.3), 10.4% (3.8–18.0), and 5.5% (4.3–7.1), respectively. Interpretation: The burden attributed to high-SBP and high-LDL decreased during the 1990–2019 period in the region, while the attributable burden of high-FPG and high-BMI increased. Alarmingly, exposure to all four risk factors increased in the past three decades. There has been significant heterogeneity among the countries in the region regarding the trends of exposure and attributable burden. Urgent action is required at the individual, community, and national levels in terms of introducing effective strategies for prevention and treatment that account for local and socioeconomic factors. Funding: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
KW - Global burden of disease
KW - High body-mass index
KW - High fasting plasma glucose
KW - High systolic blood pressure
KW - High-LDL
KW - Metabolic risk factors
KW - North Africa and the Middle East
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U2 - 10.1016/j.eclinm.2023.102022
DO - 10.1016/j.eclinm.2023.102022
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85165710987
SN - 2589-5370
VL - 60
JO - EClinicalMedicine
JF - EClinicalMedicine
M1 - 102022
ER -