TY - GEN
T1 - The influence of low melting point elements on hot-cracking of 310 austenitic stainless steel
AU - Almomani, Abdulla Fawzi
AU - Alhaj, Hazem
AU - Mourad, Abdel Hamid Ismail
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME). All rights reserved.
PY - 2021
Y1 - 2021
N2 - This work highlights the influence of the low melting point elements such as sulfur, phosphorus, and silicon together with the delta (d) ferrite content on the susceptibility of austenitic stainless-steel grade 310S welding to hot cracking. Defected weld seams from a vessel component were analyzed in this work. Transverse linear cracks on both the circumferential and longitudinal welding seams, with excess bleeding, were revealed during the examination of the defected welding joints through Dye Penetrant Testing (DPT). The ferrite number (FN), i.e., a description of the ferrite content, was found to be less than 1.0 FN on the weld metal (WM) and 1.5 FN on the parent metal (PM). Hardness testing showed high values (295 HB max.) on the parent material PM while it was found within the range (211 HB max.) at the WM. The chemical composition of the WM, with the use of X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) spectrometer, revealed 0.09% S, 0.09% P and 2.27% Si which are deemed to be in critical range against the susceptibility of 310S to solidification cracking. The microstructure of the weld material WM displayed extensive cracking at the austenite grain boundaries of the cellular dendrites, in which film-like features were observed on the crack surfaces along the interdentric interfaces. It is suggested that sulfur S and phosphorus P combine with iron to form low-melting compounds, which as a result can form low melting eutectics with impact to segregate at the austenitic grain boundaries during solidification. Hence and in line with the literature, adequate control of S and P to less than 0.002%, and Si away from 1.5-2.5% was found key in minimizing the susceptibility of 310S welding joints to hot cracking.
AB - This work highlights the influence of the low melting point elements such as sulfur, phosphorus, and silicon together with the delta (d) ferrite content on the susceptibility of austenitic stainless-steel grade 310S welding to hot cracking. Defected weld seams from a vessel component were analyzed in this work. Transverse linear cracks on both the circumferential and longitudinal welding seams, with excess bleeding, were revealed during the examination of the defected welding joints through Dye Penetrant Testing (DPT). The ferrite number (FN), i.e., a description of the ferrite content, was found to be less than 1.0 FN on the weld metal (WM) and 1.5 FN on the parent metal (PM). Hardness testing showed high values (295 HB max.) on the parent material PM while it was found within the range (211 HB max.) at the WM. The chemical composition of the WM, with the use of X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) spectrometer, revealed 0.09% S, 0.09% P and 2.27% Si which are deemed to be in critical range against the susceptibility of 310S to solidification cracking. The microstructure of the weld material WM displayed extensive cracking at the austenite grain boundaries of the cellular dendrites, in which film-like features were observed on the crack surfaces along the interdentric interfaces. It is suggested that sulfur S and phosphorus P combine with iron to form low-melting compounds, which as a result can form low melting eutectics with impact to segregate at the austenitic grain boundaries during solidification. Hence and in line with the literature, adequate control of S and P to less than 0.002%, and Si away from 1.5-2.5% was found key in minimizing the susceptibility of 310S welding joints to hot cracking.
KW - Austenitic Stainless Steel
KW - Ferrite
KW - Hardness
KW - Hot Cracking
KW - Low Melting Point Elements
KW - Solidification
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U2 - 10.1115/PVP2021-62031
DO - 10.1115/PVP2021-62031
M3 - Conference contribution
AN - SCOPUS:85117948762
T3 - American Society of Mechanical Engineers, Pressure Vessels and Piping Division (Publication) PVP
BT - Materials and Fabrication
PB - American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME)
T2 - ASME 2021 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference, PVP 2021
Y2 - 13 July 2021 through 15 July 2021
ER -