The job security well-being nexus: A path analysis of economic, social, and mental health outcomes

Job security is a key determinant of well-being, shaping individuals’ experiences across economic, social, and psychological domains. This study investigates the job security– well-being relationship by examining the direct and indirect effects of job security on economic stability, job satisfaction, work–life balance, mental health, and subjective health among working individuals in Abu Dhabi. A path analysis was employed to assess the interconnected pathways between job security and various well-being indicators, while analysis of variance (ANOVA) explored demographic differences across gender, age, education, marital status, and region of residence based on data from 45,107 employed respondents. The results reveal that job security has a strong positive influence on job satisfaction, economic well-being, and work–life balance. In contrast, lower job security is significantly associated with increased mental distress and poorer health outcomes. The most substantial direct effect was found between job security and job satisfaction, whereas the strongest negative relationship was observed with mental health. Indirect effects suggest that economic and social factors mediate the relationship between job security and broader well-being. These findings underscore the multidimensional nature of employment stability and its implications for individual quality of life. The study offers practical insights for policymakers and organizational leaders seeking to reduce the adverse impacts of job insecurity by promoting supportive workplace environments and developing policies that enhance employment stability and social well-being.