Twitching the inherent properties: the impact of transition metal Mn-doped on LaFeO₃-based perovskite materials

Perovskite structured materials have received a lot of attention recently due to their extraordinary characteristics. In this work, conventional solid-state reaction was adopted to synthesize perovskite-based lanthanum ferrite materials and studied their inherent properties with the influence of Mn concentrations. The materials were characterized by XRD, FTIR, Raman, SEM, EDS and mapping, UV–Vis, photoluminescence, dielectric, magnetic properties and the Mn ions were found to be incorporated into the lanthanum ferrite. Rietveld refinement results confirm that synthesized materials are single-phase orthorhombic structures with an average crystallite size of 80–67 nm. A broad excitation band around 360 to 450 nm with a maximum at 409 nm is attributed to the intra configurational f–f electronic transition of La³⁺. Mn-doping-induced great enhancement in the visible range of LaFeO₃ red luminescence. Mn-dopant has a significant influence on dielectric characteristics in the frequency ranges of 1 kHz and 1 MHz from 50 to 110 °C, which obey the Maxwell–Wagner polarization model and Koop's phenomenological theory. The observation of weak ferromagnetism at 305 K in the M–H loop is considered to be the result of the intriguing exchange interaction between Fe/Mn and oxidation states. It is proposed that LaMn_xFe_1−xO₃ (x = 0.05–0.25) materials with varying characteristics could be developed to satisfy a diversity of requirements.