Vitamin D Reduces the Activity of Adenosine Deaminase and Oxidative Stress in Patients with Type Two Diabetes Mellitus

Scope: Patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have lower levels of vitamin D. An elevation in uric acid (UA) contributes to T2DM via an increase in oxidative stress. Adenosine deaminase (ADA) is an enzyme of the purine degradation pathway. It is hypothesized that a reduction of ADA activity via vitamin D supplementation reduces UA and oxidative stress. Methods and results: A total of 162 participants (81 with T2DM and 81 controls) are enrolled in a case–control study. A follow-up interventional study is performed on 30 patients with vitamin D deficiency. These patients receive 50 000 IU (international units) of vitamin D3 on a weekly basis for 12 weeks. This intervention is followed by the measurement of several markers. T2DM patients has higher ADA activity, UA, and lipid peroxidation but lower 25-hydroxy-vitamin D (25 (OH) vitamin D) and GSH/GSSG ratio (p < 0.05). Vitamin D supplementation results in a reduction of ADA activity and UA levels (p < 0.05) along with an increase in GSH/GSSG ratio (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The results highlight the presence of an axis in T2DM patients between ADA, UA, and oxidative stress. Modulation of this axis can be achieved by clinically approved vitamin D supplementation protocols.