Water resources planning hydropower for sustainable and green energy in Turkey

Water is a vital resource that supports all forms of life on earth. Unfortunately, it is not evenly distributed by season or geographical region. Some parts of the world are prone to drought, making water a particularly scarce and precious commodity. In other parts of the world, floods that cause loss of life and property are major problems. Throughout history, dams and reservoirs have been used successfully in collecting, storing, and managing water needed to sustain civilization. Hydropower often supports other essential water services, such as irrigation, flood control, and drinking water supplies. It facilitates the equitable sharing of a common vital resource. Table IV shows environmental advantages and disadvantages of the hydropower option. On the other hand, renewable energy sources exception of large hydro are widely dispersed compared with fossil fuels, which are concentrated at individual locations and require distribution. Hence, renewable energy must either be used in a distributed manner or concentrated to meet the higher energy demands of cities and industries. The need to control atmospheric emissions of greenhouse and other gases and substances will increasingly need to be based on efficiency in energy production, transmission, distribution and consumption in the country. Electricity supply infrastructures in many developing countries are being rapidly expanded as policymakers and investors around the world increasingly recognize electricity's pivotal role in improving living standards and sustaining economic growth.